Product Description of Aniline CAS#62-53-3
Aniline is the simplest and most industrially significant aromatic amine. Structurally, it derives from benzene, where one hydrogen atom is substituted by an amino group. At room temperature, aniline occurs as a colorless, oily, flammable liquid with a pungent characteristic odor.
Aniline is sparingly soluble in water, with slightly improved solubility at elevated temperatures up to 370°C. It dissolves readily in common organic solvents including ethanol, ether, and chloroform. Upon prolonged exposure to air and sunlight, the liquid gradually darkens to a brown color due to oxidation. Steam distillation is a conventional purification method for aniline. To mitigate oxidative degradation during distillation, a small amount of zinc powder can be added. For long-term stabilization, purified aniline may be treated with 10–15 ppm sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) to further suppress oxidation. Aqueous solutions of aniline exhibit weak alkaline properties.
Chemically, aniline readily undergoes salt-forming reactions with acids. The hydrogen atoms on its amino group are reactive and can be replaced by alkyl or acyl substituents, yielding secondary and tertiary aniline derivatives as well as acylated aniline products. Electrophilic substitution reactions predominantly produce ortho- and para-substituted isomers. Furthermore, aniline can react with nitrites to form diazonium salts, which serve as critical intermediates for the synthesis of numerous benzene derivatives and azo compounds.
Aniline Chemical Properties
| Melting point | -6 °C (lit.) |
| Boiling point | 184 °C (lit.) |
| density | 1.022 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| vapor density | 3.22 (185 °C, vs air) |
| vapor pressure | 0.7 mm Hg ( 25 °C) |
| refractive index | n20/D 1.586(lit.) |
| Fp | 76 °C |
| storage temp. | 2-8°C |
| solubility | water: soluble |
| form | Liquid |
| pka | 4.63(at 25℃) |
| color | APHA: ≤250 |
| Specific Gravity | 1.021 |
| Odor | Sweet, amine-like odor detectable at 0.6 to 10 ppm |
| Relative polarity | 0.42 |
| PH | 8.8 (36g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| PH Range | 8.1 |
| explosive limit | 1.2-11%(V) |
| Water Solubility | 36 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Merck | 14659 |
| BRN | 605631 |
| Henry's Law Constant | 1.91 at 25 °C (thermodynamic method-GC/UV spectrophotometry, Altschuh et al., 1999) |
| Exposure limits | TLV-TWA skin 2 ppm (～8 mg/m3) (ACGIH), 5 ppm (～19 mg/m3) (MSHA, OSHA, and NIOSH); IDLH 100 ppm (NIOSH). |
| Dielectric constant | 7.8（0℃） |
| Stability: | Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, bases, acids, iron and iron salts, zinc, aluminium. Light sensitive. Combustible. |
| LogP | 0.9 |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 62-53-3(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| IARC | 2A (Vol. 27, Sup 7, 127) |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Aniline(62-53-3) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Aniline (62-53-3) |
| Hazard Codes | T,N,F |
| Risk Statements | 23/24/25-40-41-43-48/23/24/25-50-68-48/20/21/22-39/23/24/25-11 |
| Safety Statements | 26-27-36/37/39-45-46-61-63-36/37-16 |
| RIDADR | UN 1547 6.1/PG 2 |
| OEL | TWA: None ppm |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | BW6650000 |
| F | 46243 |
| Autoignition Temperature | 615 °C |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 2921 41 00 |
| HazardClass | 6.1 |
| PackingGroup | II |
| Hazardous Substances Data | 62-53-3(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 0.44 g/kg (Jacobson) |
| IDLA | 100 ppm |
Product Usage
For decades, aniline has held a vital position among industrial‑grade chemicals. Its largest‑volume application today lies in polyurethane and rubber manufacturing. Lesser quantities are consumed for producing agrochemicals such as herbicides, fungicides, insecticides and animal repellents, as well as defoliants, dyes, antioxidants, antidegradants and vulcanization accelerators.
Beyond industrial manufacturing, aniline can be found as a component in selected household goods, including stove polish, shoe polish, paints, varnishes and marking inks.
